Afrikan Spir

Afrikan Spir
Foto Afrikan Spir yang diambil oleh Fred Boissonnas pada sekitar tahun 1887 (Fonds Fred Boissonnas, Bibliothèque de Genève)
Lahir	15 November 1837 Elizabethgrad, Kekaisaran Rusia (kini Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraina)
Meninggal	26 Maret 1890(1890-03-26) (umur 52) Jenewa, Swiss
Era	Filsafat abad ke-19
Kawasan	Filsafat Barat
Aliran	Neo-Kantianisme[1]
Minat utama	Logika, epistemologi, ontologi, agama, moralitas
Gagasan penting	Prinsip identitas sebagai fonasi teoretikal agama, moralitas dan filsafat
Dipengaruhi Immanuel Kant, Descartes, David Hume, J. S. Mill
Memengaruhi Friedrich Nietzsche, Leo Tolstoy, Hans Vaihinger, William James, Max Müller, Gerardus Heymans,[2] Rudolf Steiner, Piero Martinetti

Afrikan Aleksandrovich Spir^[3] (15 November 1837 – 26 Maret 1890) adalah seorang filsuf neo-Kantian Rusia keturunan Jerman-Yunani yang gemar menulis dalam bahasa Jerman.^[4] Buku buatannya Denken und Wirklichkeit (Pemikiran dan Kenyataan) mendorong "dampak berkelanjutan" pada tulisan-tulisan Friedrich Nietzsche.^[5][6]

1. ^ Carl Beck Sachs, The Collapse of Transcendence in Nietzsche's Middle Period, University of California, San Diego, 2005, p. 34.
2. ^ Gerardus Heymans is quoted as saying that Spir "exercised a real influence on the elaboration of his thought." Lettres inédites de African Spir au professeur Penjon (Unpublished Letters of African Spir to professor Penjon), Neuchâtel, 1948, p. 231, n. 7.
3. ^ Rusia: Африка́н Алекса́ндрович Спир; Jerman: Afrikan (von) Spir; Prancis: African (de) Spir; Italia: Africano Spir.
4. ^ Andrew Donskov Tolstoy My Life 2011 0776619225 Page 878 "At the time Lev Nikolaevich was reading the philosophy of Shpir,59 ... 59 Afrikan Aleksandrovich Shpir (German spelling: African Spir) (1837–1890) – a Russian doctor-turned-philosopher of German background."
5. ^ Rüdiger Safranski, Nietzsche: A Philosophical Biography (trans. Shelley Frisch), W. W. Norton & Company, 2003, p. 161: "This work [Thought and Reality] had long been consigned to oblivion, but it had a lasting impact on Nietzsche. Section 18 of Human, All Too Human cited Spir, not by name, but by presenting a "proposition by an outstanding logician" (2,38; HH I §18).
6. ^ For Nietzsche's annotations in his copy of African Spir's Thought and Reality, as well as Hélène's Claparède-Spir comments on these annotations in a letter in German to Hans Vaihinger (dated Geneva, March, 11th, 1930), cf. Fabrizio Frigerio, op. cit., p. 15, n. 29 c., Ms. l.e. 253.